Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• Firooz Pashaie ¹
• Akram Mohammadpouri ²

¹ Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Maragheh, P.O.Box 55181-83111, Maragheh, Iran.

² Department of Mathematics, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.

Abstract

Biharmonic surfaces in Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}^3$ are firstly studied from a differential geometric point of view by Bang-Yen Chen, who showed that the only biharmonic surfaces are minimal ones. A surface $x : M^2\rightarrow\mathbb{E}^{3}$ is called biharmonic if $\Delta^2x=0$, where $\Delta$ is the Laplace operator of $M^2$. We study the $L_k$-biharmonic spacelike hypersurfaces in the $4$-dimentional pseudo-Euclidean space $\mathbb{E}_1^4$ with an additional condition that the principal curvatures are distinct. A hypersurface $x: M^3\rightarrow\mathbb{E}^{4}$ is called $L_k$-biharmonic if $L_k^2x=0$ (for $k=0,1,2$), where $L_k$ is the linearized operator associated to the first variation of $(k+1)$-th mean curvature of $M^3$. Since $L_0=\Delta$, the matter of $L_k$-biharmonicity is a natural generalization of biharmonicity. On any $L_k$-biharmonic spacelike hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{E}_1^4$ with distinct principal curvatures, by, assuming $H_k$ to be constant, we get that $H_{k+1}$ is constant. Furthermore, we show that $L_k$-biharmonic spacelike hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{E}_1^4$ with constant $H_k$ are $k$-maximal.

Keywords

• Spacelike hypersurface
• Biharmonic
• $L_k$-biharmonic
• $k$-maximal

Main Subjects

• Geometry of Banach Spaces